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HTTP Headers

Mr.Dylin...大约 14 分钟HTTPA_HTTP1.HTTP

HTTP Headers

HTTP 消息头允许客户端和服务器通过 requestresponse 传递附加信息。一个请求头由名称(不区分大小写)后跟一个冒号 “:”,冒号后跟具体的值(不带换行符)组成。该值前面的引导空白会被忽略。

自定专用消息头可通过'X-' 前缀来添加;但是这种用法被 IETF 在 2012 年 6 月发布的 RFC6648open in new window 中明确弃用,原因是其会在非标准字段成为标准时造成不便;其他的消息头在 IANA 注册表open in new window 中列出, 其原始内容在 RFC 4229open in new window 中定义。 此外,IANA 还维护着被提议的新 HTTP 消息头注册表open in new window.

左侧导航栏提供了按字母顺序排列的列表。以下列清单概括了消息头及其用途:

消息头描述更多信息标准
Accept用户代理期望的 MIME 类型列表HTTP Content NegotiationHTTP/1.1
Accept-CH

列出配置数据,服务器可据此来选择适当的响应。HTTP Client Hints
Accept-Charset列出用户代理支持的字符集。HTTP Content NegotiationHTTP/1.1
Accept-FeaturesHTTP Content NegotiationRFC 2295, §8.2
Accept-Encoding列出用户代理支持的压缩方法。HTTP Content NegotiationHTTP/1.1
Accept-Language列出用户代理期望的页面语言。HTTP Content NegotiationHTTP/1.1
Accept-Ranges
Access-Control-Allow-CredentialsHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Allow-OriginHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Allow-MethodsHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Allow-HeadersHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Max-AgeHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Expose-HeadersHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Request-MethodHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Access-Control-Request-HeadersHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlW3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Age
Allow
AlternatesHTTP Content NegotiationRFC 2295, §8.3
Authorization包含用服务器验证用户代理的凭证
Cache-ControlHTTP Caching FAQ
Connection
Content-Encoding
Content-Language
Content-Length
Content-Location
Content-MD5未实现 (查看 bug 232030)
Content-Range
Content-Security-Policy控制用户代理在一个页面上可以加载使用的资源。CSP (Content Security Policy)W3C Content Security Policy
Content-Type指示服务器文档的 MIME 类型。帮助用户代理(浏览器)去处理接收到的数据。
CookieRFC 2109
DNT设置该值为 1, 表明用户明确退出任何形式的网上跟踪。Supported by Firefox 4, Firefox 5 for mobile, IE9, and a few major companies.Tracking Preference Expression (DNT)
Date
ETagHTTP Caching FAQ
Expect
ExpiresHTTP Caching FAQ
From
Host
If-Match
If-Modified-SinceHTTP Caching FAQ
If-None-MatchHTTP Caching FAQ
If-Range
If-Unmodified-Since
Last-Event-ID给出服务器在先前 HTTP 连接上接收的最后事件的 ID。用于同步文本 / 事件流。Server-Sent EventsServer-Sent Events spec
Last-ModifiedHTTP Caching FAQ
Link

等同于 HTML 标签中的 "link",但它是在 HTTP 层上,给出一个与获取的资源相关的 URL 以及关系的种类。

For the rel=prefetch case, see Link Prefetching FAQ

Introduced in HTTP 1.1's RFC 2068, section 19.6.2.4, it was removed in the final HTTP 1.1 spec, then reintroduced, with some extensions, in RFC 5988

Location
Max-Forwards
NegotiateHTTP Content NegotiationRFC 2295, §8.4
OriginHTTP Access Control and Server Side Access ControlMore recently defined in the Fetch spec (see Fetch API.) Originally defined in W3C Cross-Origin Resource Sharing
Pragmafor the pragma: nocache value see HTTP Caching FAQ
Proxy-Authenticate
Proxy-Authorization
Range
Referer

(请注意,在 HTTP / 0.9 规范中引入的正交错误必须在协议的后续版本中保留)

Retry-After
Sec-Websocket-Extensions Websockets
Sec-Websocket-Key Websockets
Sec-Websocket-Origin Websockets
Sec-Websocket-Protocol Websockets
Sec-Websocket-Version Websockets
Server
Set-CookieRFC 2109
Set-Cookie2RFC 2965
Strict-Transport-SecurityHTTP Strict Transport SecurityIETF reference
TCNHTTP Content NegotiationRFC 2295, §8.5
TE
Trailer

列出将在消息正文之后在尾部块中传输的头。这允许服务器计算一些值,如 Content-MD5:在传输数据时。请注意,Trailer:标头不得列出 Content-Length :, Trailer:或 Transfer-Encoding:headers。

RFC 2616, §14.40
Transfer-Encoding
Upgrade
User-Agentfor Gecko's user agents see the User Agents Reference
Variant-VaryHTTP Content NegotiationRFC 2295, §8.6
Vary

列出了用作 Web 服务器选择特定内容的条件的标头。此服务器对于高效和正确缓存发送的资源很重要。

HTTP Content Negotiation & HTTP Caching FAQ
Via
Warning
WWW-Authenticate
X-Content-DurationConfiguring servers for Ogg media
X-Content-Security-PolicyUsing Content Security Policy
X-DNSPrefetch-ControlControlling DNS prefetching
X-Frame-OptionsThe XFrame-Option Response Header
X-Requested-With

通常在值为 “XMLHttpRequest” 时使用

Not standard

注意

**注意:**Gecko 5.0 不会发送带有 Keep-Alive 的请求头。以前的版本确实发送过,但格式并不正确,因此决定暂时删除它。Connectionopen in new windowProxy-Connectionopen in new window报文首部仍然会发送,带着 "keep-alive" 的值。

更多

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Last modified: 2022 年 3 月 11 日, by MDN contributorsopen in new window

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贡献者: zddbic